Mitoxantrone is an anthraquinone that intercalates in DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II (IC50 = 5.3 μM), thus inhibiting cell proliferation. It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase (IC50 = 3.8 μM). Mitoxantrone is exported from cells in an ATP- and glutathione-dependent manner by multidrug resistance protein-1.4 Formulations containing mitoxantrone have been used in the treatment of cancer and multiple sclerosis.
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